The fiber wire has the small size which is smaller than the size of human hair. It is used for connecting networks over long distance. The fiber optic cable transmission medium uses light to transmit data. The data transmission speed is very high because fiber cable uses light to transmit data. The data transmission speed is up to billions bits per second.
Main component of fiber optic cable:
There are three main components of fiber optic cable which are given below.*Core
*Cladding
*Jacket
A core is the central part of fiber it is made of glass surrounded by cladding forming the Fiber.
Fiber is covered by a Buffer layer that protects it from moisture. Finally the entire cable is
Encased in an outer jacket.The outer most component “Jacket” protect the fiber from any external
Noise. The outer jacket can be made of several materials including Teflon, plastic, Fibrous plastic
Metal tubing.
Purpose of Materials:
Purpose of Materials:
Plastic lightweight and cheap but do not provide structural strength and can emit fumes
When burnt.
Metal tubing provisos strength but is costly.
Teflon is lightweight and can be used in open air but it is expensive and
Does not increase cable strength.
Functionality of Fiber Optic.
Functionality of Fiber Optic.
It transmits the signals in the form of light. The speed of light is 300,000 Km/sec in a vacuum
Depend on the density of medium the higher the density the slower the speed.
Refraction:
Refraction:
The direction of light change when a ray of light enters another substance its speed change
The direction of ray also changing.
Reflection:
Reflection:
A process in which the incident angle is greater the the critical angle. (i >c)
The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core by constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total internal reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances. The fiber optics can be used for the communication and the networking.A transmitter at one end of the fiber optic system sends the data by converting electronic signals into light pulses, which are beamed into the fibers. A receiver at the other end receives and decodes the pulses, transforming them into electrical signals, which are then sent on to televisions, computer and other electronic devices.
Types of Fiber Optic
Types of Fiber Optic
There are two types of fiber optic cable which are given below.
Single Mode Fiber
Multi Mode Fiber
Single Mode:
All of the beams arrive at the destination together and can be recombined without
Distortion to the signal. It support only one propagation mode
Example:
The light travels in only one ray or single path.
When we have a large distance and we want communication with fiber optic then
Single mode is best to used. In single mode more segment length are present distance
Wise it is good. Lesser is used in single mode to communicate.
v Multi Mode:
The light travels in the core in many modes multiple paths
It provides high bandwidth at high speed but less than single mode. It is used when we have
Limited area or less distance
(LED)Light emitting diodes are use as light source.
There are two subtype of multi mode which is given below:
*Multimode Step Index Fiber
*Multimode Graded Step Index Fiber
v Multimode Step Index Fiber
Density of the CORE remains constant from the center to the edges
A beam of light moves through this constant density in a straight line until it reaches the
Interface of the core and cladding. Some beam travel straight and reach the destination
Without the reflecting.
v Multimode Graded Step Index Fiber
In multimode Graded step index fiber each beam angle is not equals to its angle of reflection.
Density is highest at the center of the core and decreases gradually to its lowest at the edge
The signal is introduced at the centre of core.
Types Of Connector
These are connector which is used in fiber optic:
ST
SC
LC
MT
FDDI
MT-RJ
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